His friends begin to criticize marco as a "juice-head," pushing him out of their social circle. feeling rejected, marco begins to drink even more, becomes bitter, and joins a new group of friends who also are heavy drinkers. according to lemert, marco's situation illustrates select one: a) the formation of a deviant subculture. b) the onset of primary deviance. c) the onset of retreatism. d) the onset of secondary deviance.

d) the onset of secondary deviance.                                    

Explanation:

Labeling theory possesses the idea of deviance as a relative term and includes two types of deviance i.e, the primary and the secondary deviance.

Secondary deviance: In sociology, the term secondary deviance refers to the phenomenon through which a person makes something in the absence of a particular deviant behavior and because of that a negative social label occurs that often leads to change or alter an individual's social identity and self-concept. Deviant behavior is often considered as criminal behavior.

In the question above, According to Lemert, Marco's situation illustrates the onset of secondary deviance.

answer; i believe the correct answer is (117);

answer; biological;