Ferris owns an apartment in an apartment complex. the apartment complex rules require the owner of each apartment to maintain it in reasonable condition and that failure to do so is grounds for action against the owner by the apartment complex or a tenant. erica rents ferris's apartment. during her first year of renting, many appliances in the apartment break, and there are repeated incidents of leaking through the roof. ferris does nothing to fix the apartment. erica sues ferris, who claims he has no contractual duty to erica. a court will likely find that