How did many irish and german immigrants in the early 1800s contribute to the development of unite states?

a. they worked in factories and built roads and canals.
b. they replaced enslaved workers on plantation farms.
c. they provided labor for busy ports and on naval ships.
d. they were forced to moved to lands west of the mississippi.

productive most commonly means: achieving or producing a significant amount or result.

explanation:

productive can also mean:

these depend on how the word productive is used. most likely productive will mean   achieving or producing a significant amount or result.

answer; protectionism fosters competition and keeps price regulated;

answer; biological;