Primary reinforcers are effective because a. they satisfy basic biological survival needs. b. we inherently want approval for our actions. c. they have been associated with secondary reinforcers and have become reinforcing. d. the organism has learned to want them.

The answer is A and B: They satisfy basic biological survival needs, and we inherently want approval for our actions.

answer; ///the above statement is (true); //

earlier philosophers whose work influenced the enlightenment included bacon, descartes, locke, and spinoza. the major figures of the enlightenment included beccaria, diderot, hume, kant, montesquieu, rousseau, adam smith, and voltaire. it spread the ideas of the enlightenment across europe and beyond.