Chuck is walking down the street and someone asks him to sign a petition to put clean-air legislation on the next ballot. he decides to sign the petition. then the person asks whether he would like to give a donation to the associated environmental group.
this technique is known as

foot in the door

Explanation:

Foot in the door is a persuasion technique in which a small request is made knowing that if a person agrees to a small request it is likely that a person won't refuse when a bigger request is made.

You can think of this as when you have your foot in a door it is likely that the owner of the house won't shut the door once the foot is in.

Having people sign a small petition is a small request that no one can refuse which opens a way to the bigger request to ask for donations. After people have signed the petition it is likely that they won't refuse giving out the donation.

elizabeth loftus conducted a study to observe the reliability of eyewitnesses during the 1970s. their baseline was to define how accurate are the recollections of eyewitnesses.

her studies do not support the use of eyewitness. loftus mentions in her work that we are not required to recall some experiences, meaning that rarely an individual eyewitness testimony is trustworthy. a good example is presented in her work, where all individuals watched a video and were than asked "about how fast were the cars going when they hit/smash? ". the testimonies changed based on the word she used to make the question (hit or smash), proving the fragility.