Linkage institutions
a. link the three branches of government together to achieve coherent policies.
b. are used to implement public policies.
c. link political parties to the government.
d. translate inputs from the public into outputs from the policymakers.

Linkage institutions translate inputs from the public into outputs from the policymakers.

Option D

Explanation:

The formation among public which connect them to the government or pivotal authority is termed as linkage institution. The organizations involved are media, political parties, elections and interest groups for an instance like NAACP, NRA, etc.

Government generates policy constructing organizations in order to frame rules and regulations which can prevent dispute among society. The Congress, the presidency and the courts are three policy making institutions of the United States Government. Linkage institutions are immensely important for linking citizens to all level government and its presence make political system work.

new communications technology has affected the way social movements are organized because nowadays, social movements rely on social networks and the media to get different people with a similar way of thinking in contact, and thus, get them to mobilize for a greater cause.

individuals only participate in collective action when they feel identified with it. is in this aspect that social media becomes relevant, because it guarantees communication among all individuals and organizes the social actions that are going to be carried out, i.e., the social movements.

in addition, being covered by the media is important to validate the message and make it relevant in the social agenda, as well as to reach more people who can share interests, appealing to public sympathy for their cause.

in conclusion, it is by social networks and social media that social movement is given birth; by connecting different individuals with similar ideas and organizing them to mobilize for a greater cause.