Kalim wants to study the effectiveness of a new teaching method. he includes two teachers of a class in the experiment. one teacher uses the new method of teaching, and the other teacher uses the old method. at the end of the semester, he finds that students who were taught in the new way had higher grades than students taught in the old way. what is the confounding variable?

The following legal claims exist for m. finger co. identify the accounting treatment for each claim as either (a) a liability that is recorded or (b) an item described in notes to its financial statements. 1. m. finger (defendant) estimates that a pending lawsuit could result in damages of $1,250,000; it is reasonably possible that the plaintiff will win the case. an item described in notes to its financial statements. a liability that is recorded. 2. m. finger faces a probable loss on a pending lawsuit; the amount is not reasonably estimable. a liability that is recorded. an item described in notes to its financial statements. 3. m. finger estimates damages in a case at $3,500,000 with a high probability of losing the case. an item described in notes to its financial statements. a liability that is recorded. the amount that m. finger co. should record in its accounting records related to these suits is: