Read the excerpt from the constitution of the united states, article 1, section 8. [congress shall have power] to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states.
this excerpt reinforces the idea of:

a) federal supremacy.
b) implied powers.
c) balance of powers.
d) judicial review.

A) federal supremacy.

Explanation:

Article 1 section 8 of the Constitution of the United States contained the power of the Congress to pay debts, lay and collect tax, common defense of the nation, to regulate trade among several sates, with Indian tribes and Foreign nations. It also states that Congress has the power to make laws which are necessary for executing the foregoing powers. This section explains the subjects in which the power of the federal government super-cede that of the states of the United States of America.

earlier philosophers whose work influenced the enlightenment included bacon, descartes, locke, and spinoza. the major figures of the enlightenment included beccaria, diderot, hume, kant, montesquieu, rousseau, adam smith, and voltaire. it spread the ideas of the enlightenment across europe and beyond.