In class we talked about various ways of determining the age/paleoenvironment of a fossil specimen. what technique that we discussed in class was used in the film to determine what the environment was like when our ancestors were living in africa?

As the information about the film is missing to provide an exact answer to this question, it is possible to say that there are two possible answers:

Relative Dating or

Absolute Dating

Explanation:

These techniques can be used to determine the age and paleoenvironment of a fossil specimen. The first one, Relative dating is normally used to compare the fosil with the new layers it can have above from older to younger and some other fossils or rocks which age is already known. In this one a correlation is established among the fossils found and some rocks or fossils previously found.

The second option, Absolute dating takes into account  the exact age of the material found (fossils or rocks) through radiometric dating techniques. That is to say, in this way it is possible to know the age like a clock since radioactive minerals are used for this purpose.

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).