Who believed that the crusaders and the mongols defeated islamic armies because of muslim sin, and that muslims needed to internally purify themselves?

Taqi al Din ibn Taymiyya

Explanation:

Taqi al Din ibn Taymiyya was Muslim theologian who lived between late 13th century to early 14th century. He was reported to have against the invasion and killing of Muslims by the Mongols. He believed the Muslims were defeated because they were sinful and needed internal purity.

the best answer is b.

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recent improvements in technology/telecommunication/internet have increased the pace of globalization.

explanation:

recent improvements in technology have enhanced the pace of globalization. it is not difficult to recognize that technology has created the human race one big issue. there are several aspects to technology but they all serve to meet us the further. i can beat and be friends with a fellow, thousands of miles away. technology has also bridged the knowledge gap and has presented for the ready transfer of ideas and values.