When researchers discuss "self-fulfilling prophecy," they are referring to:
a. a situation in which negative expectations about ability lead the stigmatized person to experience anxiety at the thought of performing poorly and confirming the stereotype
b. this anxiety often has the unfortunate effect of inhibiting performance and confirming the stereotype
c. process by which a perceiver's expectations about a target lead that target to behave in ways that confirm those expectations
d. process whereby members of stereotyped groups disengage their identity from a stereotype-relevant domain, in order to preserve their self-esteem
e. situation in which it is difficult for the perceiver to ascertain whether the target's behavior was influenced by the situation or by the individual's personality or attitudes

the united states constitution is the supreme law of the united states. the constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral congress; the executive, consisting of the president; and the judicial, consisting of the supreme court and other federal courts. articles four, five and six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the shared process of constitutional amendment. article seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen states to ratify it. it is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force.

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