Johnny is currently struggling with math problems that require him to "carry" the tens place to the next column. even with an expert instructor, johnny is not ready to learn algebra. learning algebra would be in the limit of the zone of proximal development for johnny.

upper

Explanation:

Zone of Proximal Development or ZPD is a concept developed by Vygotsky. It means the distance between what a person can do alone and what he can do with the help of or guidance from a skilled person.  

ZPD has two limits. A lower limit, which is the things that are difficult but possible for a person to learn alone, and an upper limit i.e. the things that a person cannot learn, even with assistance from an adult.

Here, Johnny cannot learn algebra even with an expert, so learning algebra is in the upper limit.

panem is a communist totalitarian dictatorship where all the resources and how they are allocated belongs to the capitol. the districts exist only to provide goods and services for the capital and most of the citizens live in poverty. it is a police state where the "peacekeepers" use force and threats to keep the people under control. dissent is outlawed and those who disobey the law are executed, flogged, or turned into avoxes. the games are another means in which the ruling elite in the capitol exert their power over the districts. when reading the books i drew parallels between panem and the soviet union and north korea. in no way is panem capitalist. the people in the capitol are wealthy but the majority of them are involved in the government somehow. it was the same way in the former soviet union where bigwigs in the communist party and high ranking government officials were given access to goods, services, medical treatments not available to the general public. if you think panem has a capitalist economy you need to brush up on your economics.