In an experiment, three groups of participants were given epinephrine shots. one group was informed about the effects of the shot, one group was uninformed about the effects, and the third group was misinformed about the effects. a fourth group was the control - they were not given the epinephrine shot. when placed in a room with a happy confederate, participants in the group were most likely to engage in the happy acts.

John recently received his semester grades and found that he had failed two courses. he says the reason he failed the two courses is that they were taught by female professors. john believes that women are really not smart enough to teach at the college level. in this example, the female professors are a) spacegoats and being blamed for john's grades b) being discriminatory toward john c) probably not smart enough to teach in a college d) prejudiced against john because he is male