What does fortas mean when he states "if we are not to . . teach youth to discount important principles of our government as mere platitudes"?
a. students who are denied their rights will turn to violence.
b. students who are denied their rights will not believe in the values of government.
c. students who do not understand the values of government should not have basic rights

b. Students who are denied their rights will not believe in the values of government.

Explanation:

In 1969, some sections of the society protested against the Vietnam War. This led the students to wear armbands as a sign of protest against the War to the school leading to the famous case known as Tinker versus Des Moines School District. Justice Abe Fortas gave the orders in favor of the students stating that the freedom of speech of students must be respected and the action to wear armbands is their right to express and that this will upheld their belief in the judicial and constitutional system. If denied the right to express and speak, they will not believe in the values of government and justice.

this question does't support enough resioning to answer.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)