Adolescents who reach the formal operational stage of cognitive development
a. are not capable of hypothetico-deductive reasoning
b. can only "operate on reality"
c. no longer require concrete things or events as objects of thought.
d. cannot yet come up with general logical rules through internal reflection

The answer is C.

Explanation:

This is the third stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. It is characterised by the development of logical thought, and usually occurs around age 7.

This stage should be taken as a transition to deeper levels of thinking, as children still might present a concrete (rigid) reasoning. However, it is here where children develop their understanding of abstract or hypothetical concepts .

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explanation:

the federal government of the united states was established by the constitution. us is a presidential republic. the president is head of state, head of government and of a two party legislative and electoral system. the supreme court balances the powers of the federal and the state government. yhe executive branch is headed by the oresident. there are two chambers of congress, the senate and the house of representatives. judicial power is exercised by the judicial branch (or judiciary), comprised of the supreme court and lower federal courts. the judiciary's function is to interpret the   constitution as well as the federal laws and regulations.