*aden and berbera were prominent indian ocean port cities.
letter from madmun ibn al-hassan, a jewish merchant in aden, to his brother in india, circa 1133 c. e. the letter was written in judeo-arabic, a form of the arabic language written in the hebrew script.
trade in the items referred to in the second paragraph is best understood in the context of which of the following?
a) the development of cash-crop plantations in india
b) the adoption of traditional african religious practices in the muslim world
c) the increasing demand for high-value goods and manufactures in afro-eurasia
d) the spread of literacy across the muslim world