The structural bias in traditional classrooms works against lower ses and minority-group students because: a. there's a mismatch between the cooperative orientation of these students, and the competitive orientation of the school. b. these students are more disposed toward competitive activities. c. lower-income students are not receiving enough support from their teachers. d. lower-income learners are less intelligent.

The correct answer is A) there's a mismatch between the cooperative orientation of these students and the competitive orientation of the school.

The structural bias in traditional classrooms works against lower SES and minority-group students because there's a mismatch between the cooperative orientation of these students and the competitive orientation of the school.

We are referring to the Social Economic Status (SES) of students in schools. This means that students have to be considered not only in their economic status, financial status and their perception of the status of other students in school. Low-status students realize that they have a different situation when in school they can compare their situation to the other students that have better lives and possibilities. Indeed, there is a mismatch between the cooperative orientation of these students and the competitive orientation of the school. And this should be reevaluated.  

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