In pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment, he presented the sound of a bell along with meat powder to his dogs. after several trials, the dogs learned to salivate to the sound of the bell in the absence of the meat powder. in this study, the sound of the bell acted as a(n)

unconditioned Stimulus

Explanation:

Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments result in getting a reaction from the unconditioned stimulus which was earlier triggered by a neutral stimulus. Pavlov's noticed that dog secrets saliva on viewing the food attender and it inspired him to conduct the experiment. Then he arranged a bell in the hall and the bell was rung each time when the attendant arrived. Later the result was that the neutral stimulus food was replaced by the unconditioned stimulus (bell) and reaction (saliva) was obtained.

elizabeth loftus conducted a study to observe the reliability of eyewitnesses during the 1970s. their baseline was to define how accurate are the recollections of eyewitnesses.

her studies do not support the use of eyewitness. loftus mentions in her work that we are not required to recall some experiences, meaning that rarely an individual eyewitness testimony is trustworthy. a good example is presented in her work, where all individuals watched a video and were than asked "about how fast were the cars going when they hit/smash? ". the testimonies changed based on the word she used to make the question (hit or smash), proving the fragility.

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