According to the goal orientation theory, those who adhere to the orientation seem to be motivated to do whatever may be necessary to avoid failing, whereas those who adhere to the orientation are intrinsically motivated to do whatever they can to put themselves into a position to succeed.
a) performance/approach; mastery/approach
b) mastery/avoidance; mastery/approach
c) performance/avoidance; performance/approach
d) mastery/avoidance; performance/approach

c) performance/avoidance; performance/approach

Explanation:

Those who adhere to performance-avoidance goals orientation have the desire to outperform others; indeed, they want to do better than others do. Those people may accept challenging tasks, and they only care about performing them well. Meanwhile, those who adhere to performance-avoidance goals orientation avoid any type of challenging tasks because they are concerned about failing in front of others. They are motivated by fear and they may be more anxious when performing any kind of challenging task.

it would be d). more resources must be obtained to attain that combination of goods and services