A15-year-old boy presents to clinic with his mother with acne on his forehead and nose. he has been using over the counter facial scrubs without relief. physical exam shows multiple closed comedones with mild inflammation on the forehead and nose. he has no significant past medical history and does not smoke or consume alcohol. what is the most appropriate initial pharmacologic therapy?

Topical retinoid

Explanation:

Topical retinoid is a lotion, cream and gel that is being made from vitamin A that is used for the proliferation and used to reduce the keratinization of the skin cells that independent for their functions as a vitamin. Many of the branding creams contain retinol content int their products.  

Uses:

To reduce the moderation of acne, pimple, etc.

It is being used to reduce the scars.

But sometimes it can irritate the skin specially sensitive skin.  

It can increase the chances of sin burn with some people.  

the correct answer is "c": the pillars proclaimed his regret at the bloodshed at the battle of kalinga and his conversion to buddhism.

the kalinga war is considered as one of the largest battles in the history of india. it was fought between the between the maurya empire, which ruled the lands of what is now known as india at the time, and the independent feudal kingdom of kalinga.

the army of maurya empire, led by its king ashoka, fought a prolonged war against kalinga. the war ended around 262 bce with the victory of the maurya empire. it is believed that ashoka, after having witnessed the loss of many lives during this war, felt deep responsibility and eventually converted into buddhism.