In the studies by flavell (1999), children were presented with a box on which there were pictures of candy. three and four-year-old children believed that the box contained candy. the children saw that the box contained crayons once it was opened. the three-year-old believed that other children would believe that the box contained crayons instead of candy. this demonstrates which principle?

This demonstrates "the false belief" principle

Explanation:

This is found in a study by Lavell (1999), which  has examined the role of age in the false belief understanding in typically developing children and to determine if the different type of false belief tasks affects performance on false belief. False belief understanding was measured in 72 children between the ages of 3 to 5 years old.  

despite recent progress in bangladesh in the areas of poverty and human development indicators such as literacy and life expectancy, inequalities in income and consumption rates have increased, with 32% of the population living below the poverty line.

bangladesh is one of the world’s most densely populated countries; the size of illinois, bangladesh has a population of 156 million people, half the population of the united states. despite recent progress out of poverty and increasing human development indicators such as literacy and life expectancy, inequalities in income and consumption rates have increased (undp 2005). 32% of the population lives below the national poverty line, most of whom are women and children. the prevalence of child (under 5) malnutrition is 33%, one of the highest in the world.

the disproportionate poverty faced by women and girls comes as a result of discrimination and exclusion within bangladeshi society, struggling to establish their rights and influence in decision-making processes. traditional practices such as dowries, child marriages and the relegation of being last to eat have created a demeaning and dangerous sociopolitical context for girls and women. (world vision, 2014)

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.