One hundred years later the life of the negro is still sadly
crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of
discrimination. one hundred years later the negro lives on
a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of
material prosperity. one hundred years later the negro is
still languished in the corners of american society and
finds himself in exile in his own land. and so we've come
here today to dramatize a shameful condition.
-martin luther king jr., august 28, 1963
this excerpt is part of an argument for:
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a. establishing affirmative action programs.
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b. adopting the goals of the black power movement.
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c. paying reparations to the descendants of slaves.
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d. passing meaningful civil rights legislation.

What is the role of institutions in society - do they perform positive functions, or simply work in the interests of the powerful and against the powerless? (a related question here is why do our life chances vary by class, gender and ethnicity)

He chart shows the 112th u.s. congress (2011–2012). based on the information in the chart, if the independents in the senate chose to vote with the republicans in the senate, the republicans would

Two police officers stopped a car for a minor traffic violation. while one of the officers dealt with the driver and the traffic violation, the other officer talked with the passenger. seeking to question the passenger about gang involvement, but lacking reasonable suspicions of criminal activity, the officer ordered the passenger out of the car. as the passenger exited the car, the officer saw a bulge in the passenger's coat which the officer suspected might be a gun. upon patting down the passenger, the officer felt the handle of a revolver and removed the gun. the passenger, who was a convicted felon, was charged with the possession of a gun by a prohibited possessor. prior to trial, the defendant sought to suppress the gun as evidence, contending that its seizure was unconstitutional. should the court suppress the gun as evidence? ayes, because, since the car had been stopped for a traffic violation, the officer could not order the passenger, who had not committed the violation, to exit the car. byes, because, since the officer lacked reasonable suspicion that the passenger was engaged in criminal activity, the officer could not pat down the passenger. cno, because a valid traffic stop gives an officer the right to pat down a passenger. dno, because the gun was discovered as a consequence of a valid terry stop and frisk.