Asupply shock is
a. an increase in potential gdp caused by a government expenditure multiplier, resulting in a leftward shift of the ad curve.
b. an increase in both the inflation and the unemployment rates that may sometimes result in a rightward shift of the sras curve.
c. a sudden increase in the price of an important natural resource, resulting in a leftward shift of the sras curve.
d. an increase in the rate of inflation as a result of expansionary fiscal policy, resulting in a leftward shift of the sras curve.

Martin, a 32-year-old human relations administrator at a university, believes that all professors over age 50 are incapable of learning the new educational technologies and are content to keep presenting their same "tired, boring" lectures. he often expresses these views to other administrators and does not encourage any of the "older" faculty members to attend professional development meetings related to new teaching approaches nor does he suggest that the university send them to any of the technology conferences. martin is exhibiting