The term alienation describes in industrial economies. a)the peasants' loss of land b)an increasing subculture of poverty c)negative reciprocity d)the separation of workers from the things they produce e)the great distances that separate the homes and workplaces of most people.

d)the separation of workers from the things they produce

Explanation: In terms of industrial economics, alienation is defined as  the mechanism in which laborer or worker is made to feel isolated towards the goods they have made or produced . The foreign or disconnected feeling is induced in labors under the capitalist terms and society.

Other options are incorrect because poverty,reciprocity in negative form and land loss does not occur due to alienation in industrial field. Home is not disconnected from workplace of the worker.Thus, the correct option is option(d).

the consumer demand because the members have to be aware if people are going to buy what they want to sell in this case either energy drinks or a car wash.

your answer is "graduates" hope this