The fall in formal sector employment has had important -- usually negative -- consequences for the people concerned. it has frequently led to a decline in individual and family income, social exclusion, and a worsening of the life chances of their children. . the decline in employment has disproportionately affected women. in general, the decline in female employment has been larger – in some cases very much larger -- than the decline in male employment. for example, in the czech republic, between 1985 and 1997, the decline in female employment (11.8 per cent) was almost 10 times the decline in male employment (1.2 per cent). according to the excerpt, how were women affected by the shift in employment? a) women were more likely than men to lose their jobs. b) women were less likely than men to lose their jobs. c) women and men lost their jobs at about the same rate. d) women were more likely to find a job than men.

According to the excerpt, women were affected by the shift in employment because: Option A. Women were more likely than men to lose their jobs.

Explanation:

The conditions for employment are changing around the world and there has been a drop in the among of formal sector employment in many countries and more people are having to turn to part-time work and contract work in order to make ends meet.  Female employment in the formal sector has declined in countries like the Czech Republic. Bičáková (2010) has found in her research that this is because women in the Czech Republic are less educated than men on average, and they are more likely to stay home with young children. Reentering the job market after a long absence to care for children is difficult and contributes to the high levels of unemployment among women there.  

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