Which of the following beliefs indicates an external locus of control? a) people's misfortunes result from the mistakes they make. b) many of the unhappy things in people's lives are partly due to bad luck. c) becoming a success is a matter of hard work; luck has little or nothing to do with it. d) the average citizen can have an influence in government decisions. e) people are lonely because they don't try to be friendly.

Chris, a master at office gossip and innuendo, says, "we know we have a corporate spy someplace in the organization, probably on the management team itself. there is no evidence that it is audrey. in fact, she's too clean, if you know what i mean. somebody should fire audrey; she's got to be the spy." by making this argument chris is actually engaging in (a) an appeal to emotion fallacy (b) a straw man fallacy (c) an appeal to ignorance fallacy (d) circular reasoning (e) an appeal to the mob fallacy