Frank flings a paper airplane through the air in history class. all of the students laugh. their teacher, mr. curtis, becomes irate; his face turns beet red, and large veins bulge from his neck. "frank! " mr. curtis screams, "you are in big trouble now! " frank really doesn't care about the trouble. the combination of the attention from the students and the emotional reaction from mr. curtis was plenty to ensure that frank will keep misbehaving in class. throwing the paper airplane, then, was: