According to utilitarianism a. there is no essential connection between the morality of an action and the morality of the intentions behind it. b. the morality of actions and the goodness of intentions are mutually dependent. c. whether one's action is right depends on whether one's intentions are good. d. whether one's intentions are good depends on whether one's action is right.

A. there is no essential connection between the morality of an action and the morality of the intentions behind it.

Explanation:

Utilitarianism is a theory focused on ethics of how the consequences of opting for one action over the other affect others.

The interest of an individual is less important than that of others .

Act and Rule Utilitarianism

It can be assigned to particular actions which can be referred to as an act of utilitarianism or general rule which can be referred to as rule utilitarianism.

Act-utilitarianism -- an action is right when it has best outcome and not right if it results to bad outcome.

Rule-utilitarianism -- right and wrong here is identified by whether someone follow or break the rules

But this is critized to say that some rules are unjust because they create a situation that will make others suffer whilst others may be happy.

answer; /// the correct answer is (a) burned the city;

they encountered severe weather for which they were poorly prepared.