In a given environment, dark-colored moths are selected because they stand out to predators against the predominantly light-colored foliage. this causes a shift in the overall genetic makeup of the moth population away from the dark-colored phenotype. this is an example of what type of selection?

Directional selection

Explanation:

Directional selection is a mode of natural selection in which a phenotype is favoured among other phenotypes and therefore the population with the phenotype favoured increases over time to optimize their chances of survival.

This selection usually requires a force in nature that causes a population to evolve towards one end of a trait spectrum.

In this example, dark-colored moths are selected by predators because they stand out to predators against the light-colored foliage. Therefore, this force in nature causes moths to change their phenotype and it shifts away from the dark-colored phenotype in order to increase their chances of survival so that predators do not predate them as easily because they won't stand out against the light-colored foliage.  

Thus this is an example of directional selection.

the anasazi indians were real pioneers and created roads and irrigation systems for watering their crops. they were also great architects and the cliff dwellings are one of their biggest achievements.

explanation:

the first question's answer is a.