Because increased fecundity means increased fitness, we might expect to observe the evolution of ever-increasing fecundity, but this is not the case. which reason for lower-than-expected fecundity is plausible?
a. while beneficial to the population or species, selection for increased fecundity is harmful to the individual.
b. increased fecundity leads to overpopulation and mass starvation, due to increases in individual fitness.
c. fecundity evolves only until it balances mortality.
d. there are allocation trade-offs between fecundity and other traits.
e. all of the above are plausible reasons.