Dr. littman-smith is conducting research in kenya into the ways that mothers and their toddlers interact throughout the day. given the purpose of her study, it is most likely that she is engaged in

Naturalistic observation

Explanation:

Naturalistic observation is a common psychological method that is used by psychologists and sociologists during the study. This technique is to observe the subjects in the natural environment. This type of situation generally used to where conducting lab research is unrealistic, cost-prohibitive, and unduly affects the subject behavior. Naturalistic observation is different from the structured observation, in that it involves looking at the behavior as it occurs in its natural settings without the attempt to any intervention on part of the researchers.