Aresearcher’s study uses a dataset of prisoner demographic characteristics. this dataset includes criminal history data that predates incarceration and includes data on disciplinary behavior while in prison. there is no interaction with prisoners. the researcher claims, and the irb chair agrees, that the study is exempt from irb review. this decision:

On the doctoral journey, you will need to adjust your thinking and perspective. it is inevitable that your world view will be challenged. how you respond to those instances of challenging remains in your control. this may sound daunting and even seem to be unacceptable, but it is the inexorable result of engaging in "deep thinking" while becoming an academic. remember, you are not just becoming a researcher, but you are also becoming a learned person (an academic) who will be charged with the responsibility of acting as a gatekeeper of knowledge and knowledge development. what distinguishes an infant academic from a mature academic? explain. how does the above biblical challenge to move toward mature thinking parallel the increased responsibility for knowledge and knowledge development that comes with the earning of a doctoral degree? explain.