Amethod for determining whether a product’s design is defective by requiring a court to consider factors such as the gravity of the danger posed by the design, the likelihood that injury will occur, the availability and cost of producing a safer alternative design, and the social utility of the product is called

Risk-utility test

Explanation:

The risk-utility test is a method used in legal cases to decide if the product design is defective and make the manufacturer responsible. In this test, the product risk is compared to its utility. The product is consider defective and the manufacturer is held responsible if the possibility of an injury is higher than the cost of changing the design to something that is safer.

there is an explationation of this on a site called crash   course world history 1

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