After a prominent senator is accused of accepting bribes from commercial gaming lobbyists in exchange for a promise to vote in favor of land-based casinos in a state, a congressional committee is assigned to investigate the alleged misconduct. within the course of the investigation, the committee seeks to question senator x, a fellow senator from the same state as the accused senator. senator x is subpoenaed to appear before the congressional committee without the presence of counsel to testify on whether he ever saw the accused senator accept money from a gaming lobbyist. senator x fails to appear before the congressional committee and is immediately cited for contempt. is the citation of senator x for contempt valid: