According to hobbes, nations are free to make war on one another because

there is no government over them

Explanation:

According to the influential political philosopher, Hobbes, the foremost and only way to escape a civil war and to maintain the state of the peace in a nation is to institute a solid impartial and also absolute sovereign power which is final authority for all the political issues.

Thus, if there is no government or no sovereign power, nations make war on another without thinking any results from it.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.