In research, a confound is the difficulty we experience in thinking of counter-examples to our beliefs. an instance when the actual outcome is contrary to the probabilistic prediction. when the outcome of a study contradicts the researcher’s hypothesis. an alternative explanation for an outcome that comes about because more than one thing changed at the same time.

an alternative explanation for an outcome that comes about because more than one thing changed at the same time.

Explanation:

In research a variable which has an effect on both the independent variable and dependent is called the confounding variable.

The confounding variable can direct the research towards a correlation even though there is not one. This means that the confounding variable gives an alternative explanation that is not the correct explanation.

answer; early greeks were econimically stagnant and cut off from other near eastern civilizations;