In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, carmen pledges with a popular sorority. this is an example of
a. dependent variables
b. participant observation
c. literature review
d. secondary data analysis

b. Participant observation

Explanation:

According to my research on different research methods, I can say that based on the information provided within the question this is an example of Participant Observation. This is a research method in which the researcher joins the subjects as part of the experiment in order to gain better insight on their experiences. Which is what Carmen is doing in this situation.

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