Stephens, atkins, and kingston (2009) conducted an experiment in which participants were able to tolerate more pain when they were shouting their favorite swear words than when they were shouting neutral words. identify the independent and dependent variables for this study.

independent variables are participants

Dependent variable is pain

Explanation: independent variables are variables that can be changed or controlled in a scientific experiment however their variations are not dependant on another .

They are changed in order to test their dependents variables.

Dependent variables are dependant on independent variables .

In this case pain is dependant on whether participants shout a certain word which is supposed to trigger a certain reaction that can be recorded .

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