Which of the following statements is true of the relationships between substance use and various indicators of individual differences in personality variables?
(a) large-scale survey studies of substance use in the general population have strong correlations with most traditional personality traits.
(b) correlational studies of long-term substance use among young adults have shown a strong link between poor academic performances and substance use.
(c) various ways of measuring a factor called impulsivity can be correlated with rates of substance use in the general population.
(d) personality factors play a big role in whether someone decides to try alcohol or marijuana but a small role in whether that use develops into a serious problem.

The correct answer is: (C) Various ways of measuring a factor called impulsivity can be correlated with rates of substance use in the general population.

Explanation:

Impulsivity or impulsiveness refers to a personality trait wherein behavior or actions are performed with little or no regard to consequences. Informally, impulsive before is called "acting before thinking". Additionally, impulsivity is linked to instant gratification, where individuals indulge in tempting behavior without considering the consequences first.

When it comes to substance use or abuse, several research studies indicate that implusivity is correlated with substance use. This is because the more impulsive a person, the more (s)he is likely to use/abuse a substance without regard to the ill effects of it. On the other hand, a person who is less impulsive and "thinks before acting" is less likely to use and abuse substances, as they will first consider the effects, and then accordingly decide to use or avoid a substance.

d.

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