One element common to behavioral learning theory and social-cognitive theory is that they both
a) were tested in the laboratory using rats as subjects
b) explain children's motivation to learn
c) promote the idea of learning from consequences
d) require direct reinforcement of children's behavior

One element common to "behavioral learning theory" and "social-cognitive theory" is that they both "promote the idea of learning from consequences".

Explanation:

answer: fact: italy has over 300 islands ranging from extremely small uninhabited islands to the huge island of sicily.

explanation:

opinion: italy has way to many islands

no because it could make the world a terrible place to live in.