Professor myth asked respondents whether or not they had ever been divorced. one year later professor myth asked respondents the same question. myth found that with repeated applications of the measure different responses were obtained for the same subject. this means that the measuring instrument was .
(a) unreliable.
(b) invalid.
(c) unreliable or the value on the variable had changed.
(d) lacking in face validity.
(e) a and b only are correct.

Is even more difficult to analyze because of the lack of cues in computer mediated communication.

Asociologist wants to study a culture that occurs in some women’s prisons: “state families,” in which individual prisoners take on certain roles within a group of like-minded prisoners. there is previous evidence that younger prisoners will use older inmates who play the roles of grandparents as a resource before they will turn to staff for and advice. the lieutenant in charge of a dorm of long-term prisoners offers to gather volunteers to speak to the researcher and also offers to vouch for the integrity of the researcher. the use of this staff is: a valid use of a statistical technique referred to “snowball sampling” wherein the inclusion of the first subject leads to the recruitment of another one subject.a useful tactic in obtaining a sample of prisoners who both meet the criteria and who will be honest with the researcher.wrong and is prohibited; subject selection needs to be free from intervention by prison authorities or prisoners.acceptable only when the researcher’s irb grants a special waiver.

As of 2013, the world’s total population was about