Suppose that a chicken farm uses a nearby stream to dispose of the wastes released by its chickens. these wastes flow downstream into a lake that has become thick with algae and polluted due to the minerals in the waste matter. the local office of a nonprofit environmental organization collects enough donations to stop the farm's pollution.
which of the following types of private solutions to the externality of pollution has occurred in this case?
a. contacts, moral codes and social sanctions
b. integration of different types of businesses through merger or acquisition

A. Contacts, moral codes and social sanctions

Explanation: The "company" that provides the solution is a non-profit environmental organization that relies on donations. Option B is not an option, because there is no merging or integration of companies in this context.

dear friend:

  i hope this letter finds you in soaring spirits and vibrant health. as you had expressed the wish to know about culture, traditions, and unity of india in your previous letter, in the following lines i have tried my best to give you glimpses of our culture, traditions, and unity. you will be amazed to know that our culture is the oldest culture in the world and the birth place of hinduism, buddhism, jainism, and sikhism. you won’t find any other culture as varied and multi-colored, multi-lingual as ours. each region has its own unique culture, traditions, language. there are 22 official languages in india.

  basically, india is a spiritual country with orthodox traditions. for example the people of india believe in traditions set by their wise forefathers. arranged marriages, joint-family system, universal brotherhood, vegetarianism, celebrating festivals such as diwali, holi, eid, etc., are the salient features of our culture and traditions.

  another unique aspect about our country is ‘unity in diversity’. in spite of the multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-traditional, multi-cultural society, people live peacefully together, respecting one another’s views, cultures, traditions, and differences. i am sure you would love to visit india soon, and have a first-hand experience of the multi-colored culture. give regards to uncle and aunt. do visit india with your family and experience our hospitality.

your friend,