According to research by levenson and gottman, undermines relationships. it entails rejecting and looking down on someone else.

 The correct answer is : Contempt

Explanation:  John Levenson is a researcher and clinical sicologo from the United States who investigated for four decades about divorce and marital stability. John Gottman was one of the most important therapists, he investigated not only the couple fights but also the way they reconciled.

sounds good to me mate!

answer; collectivism;