Which term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?

Tracking

Explanation: Tracking is the technique that was used in the schools for the separation of the students  according to their ability, talent and achievements in a classroom.The groups of the students were made for the entire schools population having same ability only. The groups were defined on condition whether the student is over-achiever, under-achiever or average-achiever.

answer; (d) none of the above;

the answer is:

c. economic output