The results from research have been known to produce harms to members of the sampled population who do not actually participate in the research study. an example of the type of research that could result in group harms by stigmatizing members of the group (even for individuals who do not participate in the research) is

A study of the genetic links between DNA samples found at a prehistoric central Asian archeological site and west coast Native American tribes.

Explanation:  a group can be stigmatized when it is described or regarded as worthy of disgrace or great disapproval.

credit card number 4 is the right answer

stewards ice box was the purchase of alaska from russia and it was called that because people thought it was not a good idea to purchase alaska