Fred has been having a great deal of trouble initiating and maintaining sleep. he guesses that he is sleeping for an average of about 3 hours each night and complains that he feels terrible during the day and is becoming increasingly anxious about nights. fred likely suffers from:
(a) an anxiety disorder that causes sleep problems.
(b) insomnia
(c) sleep apnea
(d) circadian rhythm sleep disorder

(B) insomnia

Explanation:

Before answering this question we should understand what each one of the answers means in order to determine which is most likely what Fred is suffering from. Since almost all sleep disorders can be caused by "anxiety" we can eliminate that answer.

Insomnia: means to have little or bad quality sleep very often, which can cause anger, bipolar disorder, trauma, anxiety, and stress, as well as make these symptoms worse.

Sleep Apnea: is a sleep disorder that causes the sufferer to stop and start breathing continuously. This can cause snoring and fatigue.

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder: are a group of sleeping disorders caused by changes in a sleep cycle with the day/night cycle. Which can cause insomnia.

Based on the information given above we can say that Fred is most likely suffering from Insomnia since he is having very little bad quality sleep and experiencing stress, anxiety, and trauma about nights.

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answer; clelia mosher;