10. (mc) the passage below is an excerpt from the fourteenth amendment. no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the united states; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. this amendment was proposed by congress in response to which of the following?
a. the rise of violence against emancipated slaves
b. the passage of black codes throughout the south
c. the emergence of white resistance to the civil rights movement
d. the attempts of democrats to limit the voting rights of african americans

B. The passage of Black Codes throughout the South.

Explanation:

The Black Codes (1865-1866) were laws that replaced the former slave codes after the American Civil War. They aimed to force African Americans to work for extremely low pay or to get into debt.

Black Codes were considered as a return to slavery, and, therefore, transgressing the Thirteenth Amendment, so the Fourteenth Amendment was enacted, as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and the Second Freedmen's Bureau Bill.

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