Rats learned that they can escape through a hole when a particular visual stimulus is present. the rats were placed in an arena that had an escape hole leading to their home cages on one side. the home cage contained a drop of condensed milk, a rat favorite (rossier, grobety, and schenck, 2000). this best illustrates learning.
a. operant
b. pavlovian

As bob is driving on an exit off the freeway, he comes to a stop light and sees a homeless man asking people for spare change. “see, he’s a perfect example of why we shouldn’t be giving welfare benefits to the homeless,” bob mutters to his wife. “he’s too lazy to get a job, but he’s healthy enough to beg people for their hard-earned money all day long.” what are the sample and the target in bob’s argument? are there any inductive fallacies present in bob’s reasoning (bias, hastiness, appeal to anecdotal evidence, self-selection)? if so, explain why. if not, explain why not.