Reformation, calvinism, the colonization of the americas and the changes in political power (from nobility to bourgeoisie) during the late 1500s and 1600s. how did these events contribute to the rise of the modern-nation state and capitalism?

Explanation:  Reformation and Calvinism relate to changes in the Church, the appearance of a different opinion and attitude that led to Protestantism, and the important fact that the Pope does not have to be supreme authority, primarily religious and secular, since in the Middle Ages the Church also brought religious and secular decisions. The colonization of America, on the other hand, has, during its history, led to the perception of revolution as its natural law, which can not be suppressed either by the king or by any authority. Both Protestantism and colonization of America will, in the long run, lead to the idea of ​​individualism as the right of everyone to be able to develop, educate, advance, and not according to the will of someone.

Thus, even at the end of the Middle Ages, when the nobility on their estates, feuds, possessed the servants and knights and decided their fate, a class of people, bankers, traders and craftsmen slowly appeared, which especially strengthened with the appearance of the Renaissance. This class of people ran around the edge of feud and offered their services. An atmosphere has already been created in which people who did not possess great feuds have found ways to enrich and advance. Protestantism and the New World with new possibilities have been a perfect ground for strengthening such a class as entrepreneurs, new business relationships have been created that have become more and more prominent.

Conditions have been created for the realization of new ideas and ways of earning, where everyone as an individual has the right to personal life and progress.  Thus a new class of bankers, traders called the bourgeoisie, appeared, which would later launch a series of revolutions for the exercise of their rights and the overthrow of authority, kings, nobility.

The system they will create is capitalism and will organize the social system differently. This system was not based on the great kingdoms consist of many ethnic groups, but the idea of ​​a nation-state. These ideas were assisted by the ideas of the Enlightenment, the natural rights of citizens, who are entitled to choose their own authority and to change it, and thus exercise their rights. This is all the more convenient in the national states.

Modern nation states, as well as capitalism as a system of social relations, economics, draw their roots precisely from these ideas. All Protestant reforms, the colonization of America and the creation of a new world with new ideals of freedom, revolutions that led to the possibility of exercising civil rights, the idea of ​​individuation and the realization that they do not need the Pope or the King to exercise their rights have led to what is today's nation state with a market economy.

a. the moon was locked into orbit by the earths gravity as it was passing by and capture hypothesis i think