According to people explain behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. social influence theory cognitive dissonance theory psychoanalytic theory attribution theory

Attribution theory

Explanation:

According to this theory, the feeling or opinion that we have toward others will heavily influence the way we perceive/judge their behavior.

For example, if you hate a certain individuals, every kind actions that they make toward you will most likely be seen as some sort of ploy to hurt you. This happen because you attribute your hate when making judgement of that individuals. The exact opposite will happen if you judge the individuals that you like.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.